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A charging circuit
Connect a capacitor to a constant-voltage source through a resistor. Its voltage rises quickly at first, then more slowly.
Fast first · slower later
Meet the time constant
Resistance times capacitance gives the time constant. 10000 ohms times 100 microfarads is one second.
τ = R × C = 1 s
One time constant
After one time constant, an ideal charging capacitor reaches about 63 percent of its final voltage.
1τ → about 63%
Almost there
After five time constants it reaches about 99.3 percent. The ideal exponential approaches its final value gradually.
5τ → about 99.3%
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